Biosurfactant, a green and effective solution for bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment

Abstract When pollutants like petroleum hydrocarbons as one of the major origins aquatic pollution, enter environment, they alter biological and/or physicochemical characteristics aforementioned sites due to their potential bioaccumulation, biomagnification, and resistance against biodegradation besides its toxicity carcinogenicity in nature. Thus, importance degradation, deterioration remediation these from environments such via a green method bioremediation is undeniable. Biosurfactants secondary metabolites microorganisms, enhance rate hydrocarbons. Using oleophilic microorganisms with capability biosurfactant production which this paper calls "potential microorganisms" system promising. This article reviews effective factors on share biosurfactants process, chemical surfactants limiting biosurfactant's counterpart, rising market promising future, various types biosurfactants, requirements develop an optimized biosurfactant-base system. Furthermore, based former studies suggests novel in-situ biosurfactant-based integrated Biochar called “Potential Microorganisms Immobilized system” (PMIBC system) cost-effective for decontamination groundwater, lakes, marshes, etc. oil spills requires further study.